Winter 2016 Fire Prevention Guide

First, family fire prevention

With the increase of household fire and electricity consumption, the frequency of home fires is increasing. Once a family fire occurs, it is easy to have unfavorable factors such as lack of timely fire-fighting, lack of fire-extinguishing equipment, and panic and presence of people in the field. This will eventually lead to major loss of life and property. Towels are necessary for daily life. Not only do they have to wash their hands and clean their hands, but they can also be used to extinguish fires and self-rescue if they encounter a fire. Here are six tips that Hechi Fire Department will summarize.

1. When using gas or liquefied petroleum gas in homes, in the event of a gas leak from a gas or liquefied gas pipeline, use a wet towel to cover it and close the valve immediately to prevent fire.

2. If the building is in a fire and the person is trapped in the room and the smoke is filled, the towel can be used as a gas mask for a while. Tests have shown that the more folded layers of towels, the greater the smoke removal effect. In case of emergency, folding the 8- layer towel can achieve a smoke removal rate of 60% .

3. The wet towel is better than the dry towel in eliminating smoke and eliminating the irritating substances in the smoke, but its ventilation resistance is larger than that of the dry towel.

4 , For the texture of the towel is not dense as much as possible to increase the number of folds. At the same time, it is better for self-rescue if you want to cover your mouth and nose so that the area of ​​protection is greater.

5 , in the smoke in the moment can not take the towel from the mouth and nose, even if only a breath, it will make breathing difficult. It should be noted that using a towel does not eliminate carbon monoxide.

6. The high-rise buildings are all reinforced concrete structures. Due to the interior decoration of the home, the interiors are covered with synthetic fiber carpets or plastic floors, plastic wallpaper on the walls, sponge sofas and mattresses, plastic shade shutters and some chemical raw materials. Furniture and supplies are flammable. When a fire breaks out, it produces a lot of smoke and it is easy to suffocate. Therefore, taking refuge in heavy smoke and covering your mouth and nose with a towel can make you better manage to save yourself.

In addition, when a high-rise building catches fire, people are trapped in the building. Towels may also be hung out of the window as a distress signal to get help from firefighters.

Second, alert group rental fire

With the development of the city, many migrant workers and university graduates often choose cheaper rented apartments because of lower income, but they ignore the fire hazards of group housing. Tongling Fire Protection teaches you to identify the hidden dangers of group rental fires, raise awareness of fire safety, and deploy fire-fighting and fire-fighting facilities so that they are well prepared. In order to ensure that the rooms are self-contained and the living facilities are complete, the “tenant housing units” are often engaged in “house-keeping” activities in the room, and four types of common fires are most likely to occur:

The first is to install a single meter for private cable. The circuit design in a residential house is designed according to the standard of a conventional household resident. When four or five or more households live in a suite, it is very easy to cause a load on the wire and cause a fire.

The second is to set up liquefied gas cylinders. Some groups of apartments are equipped with kitchens and toilets in every room, and even more, they will reconstruct the gas pipelines in a private way. However, hidden dangers have also come. Group renters often pass through the partitions and change the function of the houses. Facilities have a greater impact.

The third is the use of flammable, toxic materials for separation and decoration. This practice will increase the fire load on the one hand, and increase the probability of fire. On the other hand, in the event of a fire, the generation of a large amount of toxic smoke can easily lead to suffocation.

Fourth, group renting leads to a high density of resident population. Originally designed fire protection passages cannot meet the evacuation of such high-density people and the fire risk increases. Once a fire occurs in one of them, it will directly spread to other households in the same room and cause escape. difficult.

Tongling fire reminded the masses that the choice of renting should not be taken care of , and that there must be timely rectification of existing fires. The first is to recognize the place and regulate the decoration. Do not choose houses that are partitioned with plywood and other combustible materials, or illegal buildings that have hidden fire safety hazards, and houses that are set up in the same building as warehouses, shops, etc. to meet the rectification requirements. The second is to report complaints and eliminate the fire. Once this situation occurs, please contact the property or neighborhood committee at the first time. If the deadline cannot be solved, you can also solve the problem through an alarm. The third is to cultivate habits and enhance abilities. We must eliminate certain firefighting escape and self-rescue capabilities, establish a sense of fire crisis, and do our own work so as not to unreasonably pull wires and illegally use electrical appliances, gas, and fuel, so as to effectively improve fire safety awareness and self-prevention awareness.

Third, urban complex fire prevention

Our lives cannot be separated from such public places as shopping malls, schools, hospitals, and cinemas. So how do these places fire? Once a fire occurs, how should we respond? Chongqing Beibei fire reminds you to focus on urban complex fire prevention.

[Fire Case]

August 28, 2010, Tiexi District, Wanda Commercial Plaza, the sales office fire occurred. The cause of the fire was poor electrical contact within the sandbox model on the first floor. Due to the large amount of flammable materials such as propaganda panels and banners placed in the lobby of the sales office, the fire spread quickly and the open staircases on both sides of the building were sealed for a short time. The fire rushed into the south of the second floor along the gap between the building curtain wall and the floor slab. indoor. People on the second floor were unable to escape to the first floor and eventually killed 12 people and injured 23 others. After investigation, the sandbox model of the sales office was built using a large number of combustible flammable materials, and the installation of internal electric lines and electrical components was confusing. Fire department design and completion acceptance of the sales center building did not report to the public security fire department for review and filing, and unauthorized changes to the internal structure of the building reduced fire safety design standards and ultimately caused tragedy.

【Knowledge points】

City Complex Risk Analysis:

1 、 Multi-type fire characteristics appear at the same time and space. Hotels, shopping malls, restaurants, apartments, underground garages, etc., have their own unique fire characteristics as a single object, but when these sites are connected to each other in a single integrated building, the characteristics of these fires will be in the same space. Overlap and enlarge each other.

2, people gather, complex space, evacuation rescue very difficult. The composition of the personnel in a large-scale integrated urban complex is complex, and the personnel density is high and the mobility is large. According to statistics, the flow of people generally large urban complexes of up to 20 million passengers every day, up to 5 to 6 people per square meter during peak business event of fire, people panic crowded, chaotic, congested and prone to stampede.

3 , Commodity cargo and other combustible substances, fire load, toxic smoke and high temperature smoke can easily cause casualties.

4, in order to achieve the requirements of comfort and luxury, many urban complex with a large number of flammable combustible decoration materials, increase the fire load in case of fire, burning fiercely not only spread rapidly, but also the release of large amounts of toxic gases.

5, the internal vertical multi-tube wells, multiple transverse channels, the rapid spread of the fire faster. Elevator shafts, cable wells, pipe wells, various stairways, and gaps in glass curtain walls allow the building to penetrate vertically. Atriums and other shared spaces have interconnected the floors, connecting the upper and lower spaces as a whole, and become the main route for the flow of high-temperature toxic smoke, which has helped to promote the rapid development and spread of fire.

6 , with fire, electricity equipment and more, the high incidence of fire. Large-scale urban complexes have many types of electrical equipment, large electrical loads, and complex electrical circuits. There is a high risk of fire in fixed fire places such as kitchens and boiler rooms. The use of open flames during maintenance and construction, or welding, gas cutting, or other violations of operating procedures may also cause fires.

[Fire Tips]

● During the night, when the fire is cut off, do not blindly focus on light because the direction of light may be the starting point. Do not blindly escape with crowds to avoid stampede.

● The management personnel of the urban complex should regularly conduct fire safety training for employees. In the event of a fire, they perform their duties. Immediately alarm and evacuation of on-site personnel through broadcasting, on-site guidance, etc.

● At the same time as evacuation and escape, work must be done to prevent smoke. If the smoke is too large, customers can use wet towels, clothing, etc. to cover their nose and mouth to resist the smoke. In addition to providing wet towels and gas masks to customers, the management personnel should use multiple methods to increase the intensity of smoke emission from the fire site while guiding evacuation and escape, and has provided more personnel with opportunities for safe evacuation.

This article comes from China Fire Online and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.