Nuclear reactor volume will become "mini version": or can solve the energy crisis
Beijing on March 25 news, the future of nuclear reactors may become smaller and smaller. For decades, the volume of nuclear reactors we have built has been very large, and it is enough to put it into a Catholic church. However, nuclear engineers are now considering reducing the size of nuclear reactors. They think this is a way to solve the energy crisis, because the future mini reactor may only be 23 meters long and can be transported by truck to the designated location. Proponents of small modular reactors (SMRs) say they will work hard to avoid delays and cost overruns in traditional reactors.
Proponents of nuclear energy say that transportable mini reactors may be the future direction of the nuclear industry.
NuScale hopes to put the first US SMR reactor into operation by 2025.
They believe that the most important point is that these mini reactors are only one-tenth the size of traditional reactors, so it is much easier to raise funds.
funding problem
The financial issue is the biggest obstacle to the construction of new nuclear power plants.
Although there are support from China and France, the two richest governments, the progress of the Hinckley C nuclear power plant project in the UK (Hinkley C) is not going smoothly because EDF has not yet determined whether it will provide this project. funds.
Individual investors will search around the world for lucrative investment opportunities. When they realized that the construction of a nuclear reactor took several years and faced many technical and political risks, they were often gone. In contrast, in the same payback period, solar and wind energy can bring more stable income to investors.
But proponents of SMR reactors believe that even a mini-reactor with a power of only 50 megawatts (MW) is enough to reverse this situation. According to them, you only need to place a good order and wait for the reactor to open. Then plug it in and the profits will roll.
If you want more power, just connect a dozen SMR reactors together. Of course, the actual practice is much more complicated than this, but the technology has great potential and it makes governments around the world excited.
George Osborne, the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, announced in a recent budget report that the British government will host a small modular reactor design contest.
"Continuously improving technology"
This implies two points of information.
First, there is currently no effective method of solving nuclear waste (at least in the United Kingdom). The British government does not yet know how to deal with used nuclear fuel and equipment subject to nuclear pollution, and is prepared to start developing new reactors under such circumstances.
Second, the SMR reactor is not yet available. It may not be until 2030 or 2040 that SMR reactors can be widely used to make a real contribution to solving carbon emissions problems.
NuScale, which is funded by the U.S. government, is at the forefront of this SMR reactor global competition. The company plans to put the first US SMR reactor into operation by 2025 and begin generating electricity in the UK as early as 2026.
The nuclear expert Dame Sue Ion believes that by 2030 and around 2040, to achieve the UK’s promise in the climate change bill, transportation and home heating will no longer use carbon-containing energy. The SMR reactor will play a crucial role.
"I personally think that SMR reactors may be the future direction of nuclear energy," she said. "By 2030, they will make a huge contribution to us."
“I have great confidence in this because it is not a new technology. Since the advent of the light water reactor, this technology has been continuously improving, and it has been about 50 years of development. â€
"We are not studying a completely new technology. We just use it more efficiently and economically."
The United States, Canada, South Africa, India, Pakistan and Argentina all expressed interest in the SMR reactor. China has a prototype reactor system that has been in operation since 2000. There are also several companies in the UK that are interested.
"Commitments that are difficult to honor"
However, some people think that caution is better. Some experts warn that a reactor manufacturing plant must receive at least 40 to 70 orders to recover costs. However, all countries in the world are committed to promoting low-carbon energy. Taking into account the interest of governments in the technology, this should not be difficult.
Many people think that the time span is also a huge obstacle. According to John Sauven of Greenpeace, the time required for a small nuclear reactor to become mainstream is likely to be much longer than originally expected.
"In the 1950s, the nuclear industry promised to reduce the cost of nuclear power so that it would not be so expensive that it wouldn't even have a meter," he said. "But nuclear power was completely replaced by wind power and solar energy, because these two types of energy are safer. More reliable and cheaper."
"The nuclear industry always seems to like to make promises that are difficult to honor. We must reduce our dependence on carbon-containing energy from now on."
Some critics have warned that renewable energy and energy reserves are growing rapidly, so the energy industry will not need to rely on nuclear energy to provide base-load power for a long time to come.
Kees van der Leun, an energy critic, said on Twitter: “By 2030 and 2040, cheap solar and wind energy will eliminate any chance of earning money from 'base load' electricity. ."
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