Trends and characteristics of new fertilizer technology at home and abroad

Trends and characteristics of new fertilizer technology at home and abroad

1. Technical trends in slow/controlled release fertilizer research

Reduce costs and target field crops. At present, the main problem affecting the widespread application of controlled release fertilizers in agricultural production is the high price of fertilizers, mainly due to the high price of controlled release materials, high process costs, and small scale of production equipment. Field crops are the mainstay of agricultural production and fertilizer consumption, so the main direction of future development of controlled release fertilizers is for field crops. At present, controlled release fertilizers are mainly used in non-agricultural markets. In addition to price factors, there are also problems in understanding. It is believed that controlled-release fertilizer is a high-grade consumption fertilizer. It is impossible for coated fertilizer to be used in the field of high-end consumption such as lawns and flowers. Therefore, scientists have not really put their energy into the development of controlled release fertilizer for field crops. .

The crop growth period of field crops is short, and the release requirements of fertilizer nutrients are very different from those of lawns and flowers. Therefore, the controlled release materials, production processes and equipment requirements of fertilizers may be very different from the current controlled release fertilizer production, and the cost reduction is completely possible. The “Environment-Friendly Fertilizer Development and Industrialization” project sponsored by the National 863 Program (2001AA246023) uses nutrient materials, industrial and agricultural waste modified materials, etc. as controlled release materials, through new processes such as wrapping, matrix compounding, and cementation, in common equipment. The controlled release fertilizer produced on the market is only 10-20% higher than the common fertilizer. Some products are even lower than the ordinary fertilizer, lest the fertilizer be applied to Datian to lay the price basis.

2. Develop new high-efficiency controlled release materials

Controlled-release material technology enables cutting-edge technologies for controlled release fertilizer research. The technical development of polymer coated controlled-release materials is degradable, and the nutrient is air-defense as long as it receives little influence from environmental factors, achieving "smart" controlled release; the solvent of the coating material requires cheap, high-efficiency and non-toxic. The main technical problem of nutrient material coating is to improve the ability of controlled release. In addition, controlled release modification of lignin, cellulose, industrial and agricultural inorganic and organic waste, peat, weathered coal and Other materials, production of cheap and efficient envelope, matrix composite, cemented controlled release materials, and screening environment friendly New materials such as soil urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors have great potential for development.

3. Research on new controlled release technology and supporting new equipment

The high five-coating process requires low toxicity or non-toxic solvents and cheeks, high recovery rate, and continuous production of equipment. Research and development of new technologies for wrapping, matrix compounding, and cement-controlled release fertilizer, and strive to produce high-quality and low-cost controlled-release fertilizers under normal temperature conditions using ordinary equipment.

Controlled-release fertilizer technology and evaluation, research on the practical technology of controlled-release fertilizer, establish quality inspection methods and evaluation index system.

Technical trends in microbial fertilizer research

The research and development of microbial fertilizers for a long time is mainly in the case of rhizobial fertilizers. In the past 20 years, with the continuous development of new technologies such as biotechnology, the research and application of microbial fertilizers have been greatly developed. The main technical trends are:

1. The types of microbial fertilizers are increasing, and PGPR is a research hotspot. Rhizobium fertilizer has been widely used in various legume crops and pastures. The microbial species used in the development of microbial fertilizers include bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes; the products are used in various types such as phosphorus dissolving, potassium dissolving, promoting growth, disease prevention, and straw decomposing. PGPR has nutrition, growth promotion, disease prevention, and degradation. Multiple functions of soil contaminants. It is currently a hot spot in microbial fertilizer research. Developed countries focus on screening and utilizing biotechnology to construct efficient PGPR strains, and to develop new novel microbial fertilizers with PGPR function.

2. Strengthen basic research on the application of microbial fertilizers. The role of microbial fertilizers is subject to many conditions. Studying these constraints, such as the relationship between microorganisms and hosts, the mechanism of variety rotation and broad-spectrum, and the environmental conditions and constraints that fertilizer microorganisms play into the soil, are important for the effects of microbial fertilizers. As the field of microbial fertilizers continues to expand, basic research is becoming more and more important.

3. Biotechnology plays an important role in the screening of strains. The use of molecular biotechnology to genetically analyze the genetic resources of fertilizers, cloning genes, using genetic engineering techniques to improve and construct efficient monarchs has made great progress in developed countries.

4. Develop new dosage forms of microbial fertilizers, improve production conditions and processes, construct multi-functional combination microbial materials, and formulate microbial fertilizers in addition to grassy charcoal carrier powders, and develop liquid dosage forms, lyophilized dosage forms, mineral oil cover dosage forms, granule dosage forms, etc. To adapt to different conditions. Adhesives, nutritional additive technology to improve the inoculation effect are also constantly developing. The development of multifunctional strains combined with microbial fertilizers is an important development trend, such as "Rhizobium + PGPR" compound fertilizer. The application of the combined flora is a relatively complicated problem. On the basis of in-depth understanding of the characteristics of microorganisms, the combination of carriers, dosage forms, processes and other technical means is used to make the combined flora play a reciprocal and synergistic effect.

5. Strengthening product quality testing technology research In the past 10 years, molecular biology technology has provided advanced and reliable means for microbial fertilizer quality inspection. RFLP technology can strictly distinguish the same serogroup strain in rhizobium fertilizer; PCR technology and genetic marker technology are fast and accurate technologies developed in recent years. Microbial fertilizers are a fertilizer product that is easy to falsify and fail. Many countries have established their own industry or national standards, as well as the corresponding product quality inspection and supervision agencies.

Organic fertilizer research technology trends

Since the 1990s, organic fertilizers at home and abroad have been developing in the direction of industrialization, industrialization, and commercialization. Main technical trends:

1. The production of commercial organic fertilizer combined with the treatment of livestock and poultry waste, the development of modern agriculture, the emergence of a large surplus of crop straw; the development of large-scale livestock and poultry farming, large amount of feces. Therefore, the centralized treatment technology for waste industrialization has been continuously developed abroad. Developed countries combine waste industrialization with organic fertilizer production to develop commercial organic fertilizers.

2, the rapid teaching and deodorization technology Standing Committee to develop the technical key to commercial organic fertilizer, only to achieve high-quality rapid fermentation, can increase fertilizer production capacity and scale. Therefore, rapid fermentation technology is the key to the technical production of commercial organic fertilizers. Developed countries are committed to researching high-temperature aerobic rapid continuous fermentation technology. The technical focus is to screen and use biotechnology to construct high-temperature fermentation bacteria, secondly to screen cheap chemical materials that promote fermentation, to develop bio-chemical-physical continuous rapid fermentation systems, and third, to reduce energy consumption, continuous fermentation, and large-scale fermentation equipment. The development of bioreactors, deodorization is another key technology in the fermentation process, and it is also developing towards bio-chemical-physical combined deodorization.

3. The key technology of fertilizer production lies in fertilizer malformation, organic-inorganic compatibility, and fermented materials are made into commercial organic fertilizer products, which are processed into many models according to needs. Combine with microbial fertilizer to develop bio-organic fertilizer; scientifically combine with inorganic fertilizer to make organic compound crop special fertilizer, organic compound slow-release fertilizer; make granular organic fertilizer or organic compound fertilizer through granulation binder is organic compound Fertilizer and so on.

Technical trends in functional fertilizers

According to the regional characteristics of agricultural production, research and development of fertilizers for improving water use, high-yield fertilizers, fertilizers for improving soil structure, fertilizers for adapting to excellent varieties, fertilizers for improving quality, fertilizers for improving crop lodging resistance, and weed control Fertilizers, fertilizers for pests and diseases, organic nutrient fertilizers, and fertilizers are also the key areas for the development and development of new fertilizers: 1) Develop fertilizers that promote the development of crops in a fine and deep direction, adapting to arid and semi-arid areas. The need for crop production; 2) the development of strong crops with upright anti-backup function; 3) the environmentally friendly fertilizers that obligate and replace the organic insecticides with nutrients; 4) the development of fertilized fertilization with water-soluble phosphate fertilizers (Fertigation) Phosphorus fertilizer; 5) water retention fertilizer, etc.

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