Suspected graphite room temperature superconductivity found or subverted existing superconductivity technology

Recently, scientists have made a discovery in room temperature superconductivity research. If this result is confirmed, it will greatly speed up the development of long-distance transmission and maglev trains. Although physicists have already figured out the principle behind superconductivity in ultra-low temperature superconductivity, the so-called “standard superconductivity”, such as the low temperature environment of minus 275 degrees Celsius, in the field of “high temperature superconductivity”, for example, above absolute zero. The principle of how to achieve superconductivity in a 140 degree environment is still poorly understood.

Researchers still do not know why these "warm" substances can achieve zero-resistance conductivity, and scientists cannot know whether superconductivity can be achieved in a relatively high temperature environment such as room temperature. This is exactly what the discovery of this time has to answer.

According to an article published in the magazine "Advanced Materials," graphite powders that are cheap and easy to obtain appear to show signs of superconductivity. And all this does not require expensive low-temperature cooling equipment - the material needed for graphite powder to show superconductivity is just a pot of water.

Pablo Esquinazi of the University of Bissau, Germany, and other physicists first discussed the superconductivity of graphite in an article published on the arXiv website in 2012. Some of these graphite materials exhibit the Josephson effect, which is the phenomenon of the formation of electron tunnels in the barrier between two superconductors. This effect indicates that these graphite samples contain regions with superconducting properties.

Esquinaz said: "Based on this work and the work we have done over the past three years, we firmly believe that there is a possibility that this area contains superconductivity." To verify this idea, researchers used water The graphite powder was treated: they mixed it with water for 23 hours, removed it and filtered, and dried at 100 degrees Celsius. They then tested the water-treated graphite powder sample in a changing magnetic field environment and observed the reaction.

Graphite and other materials have previously represented the hope of room temperature superconductivity research. In the past there have been reports of weak, indirect superconducting signals detected in sulphur or oxygen treated graphite powders. But no one, including scientists who report these phenomena, has no one really been able to create a superconductor in a room-temperature environment—a true superconductor in accordance with textbook definitions—that can achieve zero-resistance conductivity.

However, there are other characteristics of superconductors: a material. When the temperature is below a certain threshold and undergoes a certain phase change, superconductivity is generally exhibited. The Josephson effect is also another signal of superconductivity. In addition to the Messner effect, it is also commonly referred to as “antimagnetism.” When exposed to an external magnetic field, the superconductor pushes the field away, preventing it from passing through the interior of the material. The magnetic field inside the superconductor will be weaker than the external magnetic field. This feature allows the superconductor to float in mid-air while creating a detectable change in the external magnetic field while also providing a detectable signal for superconductivity.

Physicists are using this feature right now: They place the treated graphite powder on a changing external magnetic field and measure its diamagnetic characteristics. The results show that a small part of the sample does show superconductivity, but this proportion is very small, accounting for only about 0.01%.

This proportion is not exciting at all. Esquinaz said: "This amount is too small, which makes it difficult for us to carry out further research. However, this experiment gives the idea that any material may be achieved at room temperature. This is especially important for materials that are cheap and readily available, such as graphite and water.”

Ivan Schuller, a physicist at the University of California, San Diego, said: "If you can make a zero-resistance material, and the material is very easy to obtain, you don't need to use it after it is manufactured. Nitrogen cooling. Superconducting materials can change the amount of energy conducted, suspend the train in mid-air, and there are many other things.” Their rapid and efficient electrical conductivity will benefit long-distance lossless transmission and even handheld electronic devices. However, it is difficult to imagine that superconductors are used in power grid structures because the current superconducting technology still needs to be conducted at a low temperature, and it is unlikely that the power grid or your computer is often immersed in liquid nitrogen. If graphite powder, a cheap and easily available material, can be superconducted at room temperature, this will revolutionize our existing technology.

Shure said: "It can be said that once this discovery is confirmed, it will be a major discovery. But the question is whether this is true or not. This must first be determined scientifically." Shure believes that due to this discovery It is significant, so it needs more evidence. Researchers have not yet demonstrated that these samples have zero-resistance characteristics, transition temperatures, and even the Josephson effect. These graphite powder samples present only slight antimagnetism.

Shure said: "This phenomenon must be reproduced in the same sample, then verified from the different samples in the laboratory, and then verified in different laboratories. Scientists must discuss and argue with each other. In order to finally confirm whether this is true or not. This is the way science works. As a result, some people may come to a correct conclusion."

The well-known physicist, Theodore Geballe, an Honorary Retirement Professor at Stanford University in the United States, agrees that when it comes to room temperature superconductivity, there is still a lot of uncertainty and there is still a lot of work needed Go to finish. Although the graphite powder material exhibited preliminary superconducting properties, his opinion was: “Before they are confirmed, confirmation work is needed. I hope that after this report, there will be a breakthrough, but I have all of this Not optimistic."

In fact, the researchers themselves also believe that the research of graphite powder room temperature superconducting materials needs more evidence to reach a conclusion. Esquinaz said: "Others must carry out similar experiments and finally prove that this superconducting phenomenon does exist. This is a very delicate experiment, the signal is very weak." After that, he himself The research team will work to increase the proportion of the superconducting properties in the graphite material, and use this to analyze the nature of the properties. He said: "In this way, if the properties of these superconducting materials are sufficiently good and stable at room temperature, this will be a revolution. We really just have just started."

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