Melon in the middle and late fertilization techniques

First, the nutritional characteristics of melon

Melon plants develop well, and the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 30:15:55. Nitrogen fertilizer is particularly important in the early stage of plant development, and is important for promoting leaf development and robust growth of stems. Phosphate fertilizer plays an important role in flower bud differentiation and female flower formation. Potassium fertilizer has an effect on fruit development and can improve disease resistance.

During the period of flowering and fruiting, the melon grows fast and absorbs nutrients quickly. It needs sufficient nutrients to make the plants form a large nutrient area and lay a foundation for high yield. After flowering and sitting on the fruit, when the fruit begins to expand, it is the period when the melon can absorb the most nutrients in the whole life. It is necessary to timely topdress, water, spray and fertilize, and promote the rapid expansion of the fruit.

Melon fertilization is most concerned with the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. If the nutrition is not balanced, there will be many physiological diseases, or the melon has odor, the nitrogen is excessive, the plant is high, the fruit is unfavorable, the melon may produce bitterness or abnormal color, phosphorus Excessive influence on calcium absorption, melon may produce wine taste, thorns and odor, etc., excessive potassium affects the absorption of trace elements such as zinc and boron.

Second, problems in production

According to our recent investigation in the melon production area, the main problems in production are excessive phosphorus fertilizer, insufficient potassium fertilizer, and little fertilizer application. The reason is that many melon farmers know less about the basic knowledge of fertilizers, such as farmyard manure is potassium fertilizer; after the application of diammonium phosphate compound fertilizer, no nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied. The nutrients contained in diammonium phosphate are equivalent to 1 bag of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, nearly 4 bags. Phosphate fertilizer, etc., a household of the Songjia 2nd Team of the Union Town of Fugu County, Fuping County, applied 4 bags of phosphate fertilizer, 50 kg of diammonium and 50 kg of compound fertilizer (14, 16, 15) when planting melon 1.7 mu of base fertilizer. Mu Shi pure P2O 580 kg, our local melon can be applied to the amount of phosphorus per mu is 16 kg, 5 times more, after the excess of phosphorus, the leaves are dark blue, inhibiting the growth of melon. Like this kind of problem, there are many in production, so it is necessary to balance fertilization.

Third, this year, how to apply large fertilizer and fertilizer

1. During the period of heavy fertilizer:

The fruit development of melon is generally: 1-5 days after sitting on the melon, the young fruit grows not fast, the shape changes little, but the fruit cells gradually divide and the number of cells increases rapidly. 6-13 days after sitting on the melon, the fruit volume increased sharply, and the morphological changes were very obvious. In this period, the fruit size was basically stereotyped. Therefore, the top dressing should be applied in time after sitting on the melon, that is, 70% of the melons are applied when the finger size is used. Do not fertilize after 15 days (ie, 15 days before maturity), especially if a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer cannot be applied.

2. Fertilizer amount and type:

Fertilization amount: According to our original test results in the Fufeng District and the soil test in the Xianyang melon area, the general soil quick-acting nitrogen and potassium in the melon area are insufficient, and the phosphorus content exceeds the standard. According to the results of the measurement of the agricultural technology station in the Liangliang District, the fertilization rate of the melon farmers is also more. Therefore, the topdressing should be based on nitrogen and potassium, but not the phosphate fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen and potassium applied is three. Look at the original soil condition of your land. Second, look at your base fertilizer and top dressing. Third, look at your melon leaf color and results. If the ground force is good, the base fertilizer is applied with more nitrogen and potassium, and the leaf color is deep. The result is generally less applied. On the contrary, more application is needed, and the application of less nitrogen is less than the application of potassium. Generally, about 30 kg of urea per acre contains K2O50% potassium sulphate 30 kg.

3. Types of topdressing: Nowadays, there are more fertilizers on the market. According to the investigation of Shaanxi Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute in Xianyang and Fuyang in mid-March this year, 70% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the market are not enough. The main reason is that the product has added pyronolone, so we must be careful when choosing.

(1) In the expansion period, the fertilizer should be selected from nitrogen and potassium, (12-0--12) or (12-3--15); (2) do not choose to contain chlorinated fertilizer; (3) Topdressing urea and good potassium sulfate plus trace element zinc, boron 1 kg / mu.

Fourth, fertilization

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