Improve the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in wheat field

Wheat is a crop that requires more phosphate fertilizer. Scientific use of phosphate fertilizer is one of the key measures to improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, reduce the cost of fertilization, and promote the high quality and high yield of wheat. Because of the poor mobility of phosphate fertilizer in the soil, it is easily fixed by divalent cations in the soil, so the crop utilization rate is low. According to the test: the utilization rate of superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate is only 15%-20%, which is 1-2 times lower than the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Years of experimental research and production practices in various places have shown that there are the following advantages in improving the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in wheat fields:
Mixed with organic fertilizer, fermented organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, phosphoric acid and various organic weak acids, which can make insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus. At the same time, the combination of organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can greatly reduce the contact surface between phosphate fertilizer and soil, thus reducing the soil's fixation of phosphorus. Therefore, by fertilizing and fertilizing organic fertilizer, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer can be greatly improved, and the problem of phosphate fertilizer burning can be effectively overcome. Stacking method: In the half month before application, mix 1 part of phosphate fertilizer with 10-20 parts of organic fertilizer and mix it. The outside is sealed with mud to prevent loss of fertilizer efficiency. According to the test: the mixture of superphosphate and organic fertilizer was fermented and applied to the wheat field, which was 23.1% higher than the fertilizer directly applied to the wheat field.
Combined with nitrogen, potassium and zinc fertilizers, according to the requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc in wheat, the application of nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer in the application of phosphate fertilizer can not only effectively supplement the soil nutrient deficiency, but also Increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by 20%-30%. The proportion of its application: generally high-yield wheat field, 4000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, 30 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 12 kg of standard potassium fertilizer, 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate in the zinc-deficient plot; 3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, 35 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg of standard potassium fertilizer and 1 kg of zinc sulfate are suitable.
The concentrated application of concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer is to reduce its contact with the soil. This is an effective method to reduce the effective phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer by the elements such as calcium, magnesium and aluminum in the soil, especially in yellow red soil, calcareous soil, yellow soil and sand. The application of phosphate fertilizer on various clay soils such as ginger black soil is more likely to be fixed by the soil. Studies have shown that the application of phosphorus fertilizer concentrates can increase the utilization rate by 28% and increase the yield of wheat by 11.8%.
Method of application: Before planting wheat, according to the planting row spacing, firstly use a planter to apply the phosphate fertilizer 8-10 cm deep, and then use a second planter to sow, so that the wheat seeds and the phosphate fertilizer are staggered by 1-2 cm.
Phosphate fertilizer should be used according to soil system In order to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer should be used for soil. In neutral and calcareous alkaline soils, water-deep superphosphate should be used. Calcium superphosphate is weak acid, which can neutralize alkali in soil. On acidic soil, weak alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate is used. Alkaline fertilizer can not only enhance its fertilizer efficiency, but also neutralize the acid in the soil and avoid the harm of acid to wheat roots.
Appropriate dosage According to the test results of phosphorus fertilizer in wheat field, the yield of wheat per kg of phosphate fertilizer decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer dosage. However, when the dosage is too small, the yield per unit area is not significant. Generally, the application rate of 50-60 kg is suitable.
The outer leaves are sprayed on the jointing stage of the wheat to the booting and filling stage. The 2-3 kg of superphosphate is added to the water to remove the residue, and the mixture is mixed with 50-60 kg of water, during the jointing, booting and filling stages of the wheat. Each spray can increase production by 4%-6%. Or spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution outside the root, spray 60-80 kg per acre, spray three times, there is obvious strong stalk anti-fall, can increase yield by 4.6%-8.1%. Spraying outside the roots should be carried out on sunny days after 3 pm or on cloudy days. Spraying the wheat plants with a sprayer to "spray one turn, four sides to penetrate" method, so that the front and back of the leaves of the plant are evenly stained with fertilizer, the foliar spray has less fertilizer, quick effect, high fertilizer utilization, no It is worthy of promotion because of its outstanding advantages such as soil moisture limitation.

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