Generator commutator structure and environment characteristics
The surface of the commutator is streaked and uneven. The reason is that the brush material is not suitable, the environment is not suitable, and there is oil mist. In addition, too low brush current density is also a factor in streaking.
(1) The surface of the commutator is streaked and uneven. The reason is that the brush material is not suitable, the environment is not suitable, and there is oil mist. In addition, too low brush current density is also a factor in streaking.
(2) The color of the oxide film on the surface of the commutator is abnormal. The reason is that the brush type is wrong, the temperature of the commutator is too high, and the environment does not adapt to the condition of the oxide film on the surface of the commutator, especially when there are harmful gases and oil mist in the environment. Establishing an oxide film is a great hazard.
(3) The surface of the commutator is seriously worn and there are burn marks. The reason is that the brush number is improperly selected, the commutation is poor, the commutator is deformed, there are tabs, the brush is not on the neutral line, and the pole distance and brush distance are not equal. Points, the winding has a partial open weld, the point brush contains carbonized strontium and silicon carbide, the environmental impact is that the air contains wear-resistant dust, and the humidity is too low.
(4) The burn marks of the septum are generally every one or several pieces of burned reversal pieces, which is very regular. The cause of the burn marks on the separator is that the riser has a weld or a powder to partially short-circuit the commutator copper. The general rule is that when the ratio of the number of commutating segments to the number of slots is 2, one piece is burned every two slices; when the ratio is 3, every three segments are burned. The septum burns on the edges of the now commutator and then enlarges the middle of the commutator.
(5) A commutator piece is burned every other interval of the poles on the surface of the burn commutator separated by a pole. The reason is that the headgear is opened or the commutator mica plate protrudes, the contact between the brush and the commutator surface is poor, and the current density distribution of the brush is uneven.
(6) Local area burn marks This is because the surface of the commutator is not round or eccentric, so that the brush jumps away from the surface of the commutator in this area to generate an arc, and the commutator piece is burned. In addition, uneven brush pressure can also cause burns or uneven burns in the area.
(7) The interval between the commutator surfaces is caused by the unreasonable brush displacement method, the different wear amounts of the positive and negative brushes, or the presence of impurities in the individual brushes.
(8) When the copper brush is removed from the edge of the commutator, there is a small copper piece that is dragged out, which is called dragging copper. This type of failure typically occurs on a one-way rotating motor.
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