Phosphate fertilizer has little mobility in the soil and is easy to be “fixedâ€. Therefore, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is lower than that of nitrogen fertilizer, and generally only 10% to 25%. So, how can we increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer?
1. Centralized application. Concentration of phosphate fertilizer near seeds or roots is an effective method of application. This method can reduce the contact surface of phosphate fertilizer and soil, reduce the fixation effect, and facilitate the absorption of crop roots, generally improving the utilization rate by 28% to 39%.
2. Layered application. It is applied to the 5-10 cm soil layer by honing for the crop seedling stage; the remaining phosphate fertilizer combined with the tillage strip is applied to the 15-20 cm soil layer for absorption and utilization in the middle and late crops, which can also improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer. . Among them, shallow application of quick-acting phosphate fertilizer is good, and late application of delayed-effect phosphate fertilizer; application rate, shallow layer accounts for 30% to 40%, and deep layer accounts for 60% to 70%.
3. Apply with nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus-deficient soils are also generally deficient in nitrogen. Nitrogen and phosphorus combined application can make the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer reach 23% to 28% on average. According to the test on wheat, 10 kg of phosphorus is applied in mu, with the same amount of nitrogen. The same amount of phosphorus was increased by 16.3%, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer was increased by 3.91%. According to the results of various local experiments, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus combination is 1:1 when soil fertility is low, medium fertility is 1:0.5, and superior fertility is 1:0.25.
4. Apply after mixing with organic fertilizer. According to research, the application of phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer after mixing and stacking can increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by 10% to 30%. Among them, the mixing of phosphate rock powder and manure fertilizer for 30 days can increase the weak acid-soluble phosphorus by 67.6%. Phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer are mixed and stacked, the proportion of adding superphosphate is generally 2% to 3%, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is about 5%, and phosphate rock powder is 5% to 10%.
5. Focus on the application of legume crops. Practice has proved that the application of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate directly to the former leguminous crops is more efficient than the application of the undergrowth crops, and the yield increase is large.
6, foliar application. Foliar spray can fundamentally prevent phosphate fertilizer from being fixed by the soil, and is also an important measure for crop yield increase. The method comprises the following steps: using 1 to 3 kg of superphosphate, adding 100 kg of water, soaking for a day and night, filtering to the dregs, spraying on the leaves in the middle and late crops, generally spraying once every 5 to 10 days, spraying a total of 2 to 3 times, each time Spray 50 to 75 kg per acre. Foliar application can only be used as an auxiliary means, and production should still be based on soil fertilization.
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