Causes and prevention methods of "Bearded Garlic"

"Beard garlic" is also called horsetail garlic, minced garlic, secondary garlic, garlic farmers everywhere. The author believes that from the perspective of botany, "beard garlic" should be called "garlic secondary growth" The concept is more appropriate.

The secondary growth of garlic is an abnormal phenomenon of garlic sprouting before garlic harvest. The cause of secondary growth of garlic is complicated, and it has a certain relationship with temperature, fertilization, soil condition and production management. According to our research and production practices in recent years, the secondary growth of garlic generally occurs during the twitching period, and the branches that grow like a beard and a horsetail are called "beard garlic." There are two cases of secondary growth of garlic: one is to grow a fork from the outer leaf slightly to form a double-flowered garlic; the other is to differentiate the fork from the inner layer of the leaf to form a loose garlic, which has secondary growth. Garlic is twitching late and short, even garlic can not be extracted, the output of garlic stalks is reduced by 70%, so that garlic sorghum loses the value of the commodity. The main reasons for the secondary growth (branches) of garlic are as follows:

Temperature and sowing time are not suitable: the temperature required for garlic to pass the vernalization stage is higher. Generally, the temperature of garlic is about 0-10 °C after sowing. After 1-2 months, the temperature can be passed through the vernalization stage. Pre-growth is too strong, or the temperature is high in winter and spring, and it is easy to produce secondary growth (secondary branching).

According to the experiment and observation of Qingdao Agricultural University for 5 consecutive years, the secondary growth rate of the field planted at the end of August and the beginning of September is more than 60%; the third growth rate of March yellow garlic planted in late October is only 5 %.

The selection and planting density should be scientific: the garlic cloves should be picked up, the size of the garlic cloves should be large, and the disease-free garlic cloves should be used for planting garlic, and the small garlic seeds should be removed. The density is generally controlled at a line spacing of 22 cm and a plant spacing of 7 cm. The sowing distance should not be too thin or too dense. Generally, the control per acre is about 45,000.

Scientific fertilizer: In rural surveys, we found that most garlic farmers use fertilizers for a long time, neglecting the use of organic fertilizers; re-application of nitrogen fertilizers, while ignoring the use of phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and medium and trace element fertilizers; neglecting topdressing in the middle and late growth stages. We found in the garlic field of Lu Linsheng that due to the continuous cultivation of garlic for 6 years, a large amount of chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, was invested every year, resulting in significant salinization of the garlic soil, which was not conducive to the normal growth of garlic. When planting garlic, we recommend that garlic farmers use 4000-6000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, and then add 40 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. When topdressing, 5-10 kg of microbial inoculum can be mixed with 20 kg of compound fertilizer per acre. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizer application is 0.9:1.0:1.1.

Remind the garlic farmers to remember not to blindly invest too much nitrogen fertilizer in the long-term. Generally, it is suitable to use 15 kg of urea per acre when garlic is twitched. Do not use a single chemical fertilizer for a long time. It is recommended to use fertilizer and organic fertilizer when applying fertilizer. Biological bacterial fertilizer and trace element fertilizer and foliar fertilizer are used together.

Author: Plant Pest Control Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University Zhang Lining Source: Chinese cooperation Times

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