At present, the northeast spring corn is already in the sowing and emergence stage, and most of the corn seedlings have been exposed to the ground and grow slowly. Then, how to manage the spring corn in the seedling stage, how to prevent and control the corn seedling pests and diseases?
The stage from emergence to jointing of maize is the seedling stage. The main growth characteristics of this stage are slow growth of the aerial part and rapid growth of the root system. The central task of field management in seedling stage is to promote root growth, ensure seedlings, even seedlings, and cultivate strong seedlings, laying the foundation for high yield. The main technical measures for seedling management are mainly seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, fertilizer and water management, cultivating and weeding, and common pest control.
Checking seedlings and replanting seedlings : Whole seedlings are the basis for high yield of corn. Due to the quality of the seeds and the harm of rodents and insects, there will be different degrees of seedlings after corn sowing, and seedlings and seedlings should be checked in time. There are not many seedlings, and the method of transplanting seedlings can be used. It is best to transplant the soil on a sunny afternoon or cloudy day, which is conducive to improving the survival rate.
Intercropping seedlings: Interplanting is generally carried out in the 3 to 4 leaf stage. If the seedlings are too late, the roots of the seedlings are staggered, and it is not easy to be seedlings. The principle of the seedlings is to stay weak and stay strong, keep secret and keep thin. The seedlings were carried out at 4-5 leaves. In areas with serious underground pests, the number of seedlings should be increased and the seedling time should be extended appropriately. The seedlings should be selected on a sunny afternoon.
In addition, the appropriate amount of seedling fertilizer can be applied in combination with the seedlings, and the eccentric fertilizer is applied according to the condition of the seedlings to promote the balance. Generally, about 1500 kilograms of fertilized manure per acre, or 4-5 kilograms of urea.
After May, the insects and grass crouching under the ground are also problems that cannot be ignored. After these problems are solved, how should we control the pests and diseases?
Prevention and control of seedling diseases
Corn root rot
Corn root rot is a disease caused by Pythium. The main manifestation is that the mesoderm and the whole root system gradually become brown, soft and rot, and the root growth is seriously hindered; the plants are short, the leaves are yellow, and the seedlings die.
In recent years, the damage of the pathogens in the roots of maize seedlings has increased. After the damage, the main roots are necrotic and the secondary roots are small, causing the plants to develop yellow.
Control method:
1 The disease is mainly based on prevention, and it is better to coat with a bacteriocin suspension seed coating agent or a full-fledged gold seed coating agent before sowing;
2 Strengthening cultivation management after onset, spraying foliar fertilizer ; cultivating and damping the land with high humidity to promote root growth and development;
3 Severe plots can be used with 72% mancozeb cream, urethane cyanide wettable powder 600 times solution, or 58% mancozeb metalaxyl WP 1500 times liquid spray on the base of corn seedlings or roots.
Corn top rot
It is characterized by chlorosis, deformity, shrinkage or distortion of the upper leaves in the diseased seedlings; the edge tissue shows yellow streaks and knife-shaped nicks or leaf tips withered.
Control method:
In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP, 80% mancozeb WP, 5% bactericidal water-clearing agent, 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder and other bactericidal agents can be used to spray the heart. The knife is cut longitudinally.
Maize rough disease
The rough disease occurs mostly in the 5-6 leaves of corn. The diseased seedlings are thick green, the internodes are shortened, the leaves are stiff, the width is short and thick, and the plants grow slowly and dwarf.
Control method:
Prevention is the main, no effective rescue measures after the onset:
1 Adopting comprehensive measures for planting disease-resistant or disease-resistant varieties, supplemented by agricultural control and chemical control;
2 seedlings were removed from the diseased seedlings and taken out of the field for deep burial treatment;
3 Add organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of plants.
Prevention and control of pests at seedling stage
There are many types of pests in the seedling stage of maize, and the main pests in different areas will be slightly different. Let's take a look at the prevention and control methods of common pests.
Ground tiger damage symptoms
Hazard: Feeding the tender stems of plants near the soil surface, causing the plants to die, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges, and even destroying seedlings and re-broadcasting, directly affecting production.
Control method:
1 Spread the poisonous soil. Mix the fine sand with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, spread the ditch in the ditch beside the crop root, and then cover the soil to prevent the tiger from harming the plant.
2 poison baits trap larvae. The fresh grass or vegetable leaves are chopped, sprayed with 50% phoxim 0.1kg/water 2.0-2.5kg on the cut 100kg forage, mixed well and placed in a small pile in the evening to place the field to trap the tiger larvae for feeding. Poisoning.
3 agents are rooted. 50% phoxim (3.0 ~ 4.5kg / hm2) with water 6000 ~ 7500 kg irrigation.
4 traps prevention. According to the characteristics of phototaxis and chemotaxis of the tiger, in the adult period, use black light or sweet and sour liquid (6 parts of sugar, 3 parts of vinegar, 1 part of white wine, 10 parts of water, 1 part of 90% trichlorfon crystal) Mix and mix thoroughly) to trap. It can also be used to trap adult worms. The dosage is 0.5% to 1.0% of the bait. First, the bait (wheat bran, bean cake, glutinous rice, cottonseed cake or corn granules, etc.) is sautéed with 5kg, 90% trichlorfon 30 times solution. Mix well and add water to mix the tide. The amount of bait is about 30 kg/hm2.
è¼è›„hazard symptoms
Hazard: Feeding the roots of young corn seedlings, feeding on the young stems of the plants near the soil surface, causing the plants to die, and may even lack seedlings and ridges.
Control method:
1 poisonous soil, poison bait poisoning method. 50% phoxim can be used, 250-300mL per acre of the above-mentioned medicament, diluted 1000 times with water, mixed with 25-30kg of fine soil to make toxic soil, or mixed with phoxim granules, digging a pit every few meters Put the poisonous soil in the pit and cover it well. It can also be made into fried baits, wheat drums, gluten, etc., to make poison baits in the field during seedlings, and to clean up dead insects in time.
2 trapping method. It can be trapped by fresh horse manure and then manually eliminated to protect natural enemies. Or light trapping. There is phototaxis, and there are places where conditions can be set to black light to trap adults.
Golden Needle Hazard Symptoms
Hazard: The roots of the seedlings, main roots and stems of the corn seedlings cause the seedlings to die. In addition, the main root damage part is not neat, but also can enter the tuber and root.
Control method:
In the seedling stage, 40% chlorpyrifos 1500 times, or 40% phoxim 500 times mixed with appropriate amount of fried wheat bran or bean cake to make poison bait, sprinkle into the corn base in the evening ridge; or by mixing in seeds and fertilizer Insecticide control.
Mastic insect feeding
From late June to early July 2013, mucoid pests broke out in Shanxi Province, with an area of ​​5.7 million mu. The worm is a kind of "gluttony" pest, which is mainly caused by the larvae biting the leaves. When the weight is heavy, the stems and leaves can be eaten up, which cannot be ignored.
Control method:
1 using sweet and sour liquid, black light or corn grass to trap the insects;
2 can be controlled by 5% flubendialdehyde emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times liquid spray;
3 Each mu was sprayed with high-efficiency and low-toxic 2.5% cyhalothrin 12-20ml against water 30kg to control armyworms.
Ploughed sunflower powder
Hazard: Mainly harmful to the corn root system.
Control method:
In the nymphal period, the best control effect can be applied to the base of the corn seedlings or roots by spraying 40% acephate emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution, or 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 times solution, or 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times.
Control seedling weeds
Cultivating weeding
The cultivating is beneficial to loosening the soil and facilitating the development of the root system. The cultivating of the corn seedlings can generally be carried out 2 to 3 times. Before the seedlings are young, the seedlings are short, and the first shallow cultivating can be carried out. The soil is mainly used for loosening and weeding. When cultivating, it is necessary to avoid injury. The depth of cultivating is 3~5 cm, and the depth of cultivating is 10 cm deep. Left and right, shallow ploughing next to the seedlings, deep ploughing between rows.
Spray herbicide
The use of post-emergence herbicides in corn fields requires attention first to herbicides and sensitive crops. Different crops are not sensitive to different herbicides. Herbicides that control broadleaf weeds are sensitive to grass crops, while broadleaf crops are sensitive to herbicides that control grass weeds. For example, 2,4-D and dimethyltetrachloride are sensitive to cotton, melons, beans, fruit trees, etc.; cover grass can be stabilized by wheat, rice and corn. Therefore, when using, be optimistic about the instructions, recognize the characteristics and performance of the herbicide, pay attention to sensitive crops, beware of misuse or drug drift.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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