In order to realize the sustainable use of rare earth mines and protect the ecological environment, the Ministry of Land and Resources recently decided to establish China's first batch of national planning mining areas for rare earth mines. The planning area includes 11 blocks with a total area of ​​over 2,500 square kilometers.
The reporter learned from the Ministry of Land and Resources that the national planning mining area of ​​the rare earth mines in the Zhangzhou area, including the exploration area, the mining area and the metallogenic prospecting area, consists of 11 blocks with a total area of ​​over 2,500 square kilometers and a predicted prospective rare earth resource of about 76. Ten thousand tons, of which medium and heavy rare earth resources reserve is about 710,000 tons. After the resources are identified, it is expected that the current national reserves of proven heavy and rare earth resources will increase by 80%. At the same time, the Ministry of Land and Resources decided to set up an iron ore national planning mining area in the Panxi area of ​​Sichuan, including Panzhihua and Baima two mining areas covering an area of ​​more than 460 square kilometers.
The head of the Mineral Development Management Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources said that the main purpose of demarcating the national planned mining area is to prepare a national planned mining area exploration and mining plan for the prospective areas such as rare earth ore and iron ore, from the Central Geological Exploration Fund or the provincial financial special project. The funds carry out pre-examination, census and necessary detailed investigation to find out the source of resources. In the preparation of mining rights setting plan, mining rights will be placed in an orderly manner according to economic construction and market demand, rational exploration and development in stages, control of rare earth mineral development intensity, improvement of resource utilization efficiency, protection of ecological environment, and improvement of macro-control capacity of resources. Promote the sustainable development and utilization of important national strategic mineral resources.
Why set up a national planning area for rare earth and iron ore
Wang Libin
The Ministry of Land and Resources recently decided to set up a rare earth mine national planned mining area in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, with a total area of ​​more than 2,500 square kilometers. The iron ore national planning mining area was established in Panxi, Sichuan, including Panzhihua and Baima two mining areas covering an area of ​​more than 460 square kilometers. Rare earth ore is one of the most abundant reserves in China, and iron ore is one of the most invasive large-scale minerals in China. This “one more than one less†also sets up a national planned mining area. The most important goal is to achieve sustainable use of mineral resources and protect the ecological environment.
Rare earth is one of the important minerals and protective mining specific minerals in China. At present, China's rare earth reserves account for about one-third of the world's total, while supply accounts for more than 90% of the world's total. This is obviously not sustainable. Moreover, rare earth mining and processing requires a great environmental cost. First, the mining of rare earths caused large-scale excavation, the forests were cut down, the soil was exposed, the gullies were scattered, the soil and water were lost, and a large amount of soil erosion destroyed the cultivated land. Second, the emissions from the rare earth mining caused serious environmental damage. Therefore, the establishment of a rare earth national planning mining area is not only the need to protect rare earth resources, the long-term sustainable use of resources, but also the need to protect the ecological environment. Iron ore is an important shortage of large-scale minerals in China. Although the reserves and production volume have been continuously increased, the import dependence has continued to rise, currently exceeding 50%. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to increase the intensity of domestic iron ore prospecting and exploration, and effectively improve the capacity of mineral resources shortage.
According to the person in charge of the Mineral Development Management Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources, the main principles of the national planned mining area, including the importance and concentration of resources, are delineated. China's ionic rare earth resources have unique advantages in the world. Quzhou is one of the main producing areas of ionic rare earths, especially ionic medium and heavy rare earths. Its mining index and output account for about 70% of the national heavy and medium rare earths, which occupy an important position in the world. Panzhihua and Xichang are among the most abundant areas of vanadium-titanium magnetite resources in China and the world. The reserves of iron ore resources have been found to be nearly 10 billion tons, accounting for about 15% of the national iron ore reserves. Among them, vanadium-titanium magnetite is about 9.6 billion tons, accounting for 83% of the national vanadium-titanium magnetite reserves; vanadium resource reserves are 18.61 million tons, accounting for 52% of the country; titanium resource reserves are about 618 million tons, accounting for the national primary ferrotitanium. 95% of the reserves of mineral resources.
Another major principle for delineating a nationally planned mining area is the apparent geological features. Most of the Yanshan Yanshan granite weathering crusts contain ionic rare earth ores. The planned mining area includes the Yanshanian granite weathering crust distribution area that has been discovered and is in the process of mining ionic rare earth deposits and most large and medium rare earth deposits may be discovered in the future. From the perspective of iron ore geology, China's iron ore mines are rich and poor, and it is difficult to select more smelting mines. The Panxi area belongs to the rare iron-rich ore distribution area in China. The ore-forming conditions are superior and the prospecting potential is large. It is suitable for the construction of large-scale mines. Comprehensive utilization, with unified planning, implementation scale development advantages. It is worth noting that the conditions for the planned mining areas of rare earth mines and iron ore mines are relatively mature. Quzhou rare earth mining, production and processing have formed a relatively complete industrial chain, and the management system is relatively sound. The actual mining and selection capacity of vanadium-titanium magnetite in Panxi area is more than 30 million tons/year, and it has a good foundation for demarcating the iron ore national planned mining area.
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