Grape white feather disease symptoms
Grape white feather disease is also the first to damage the finer roots, gradually developing to the lateral roots and the main roots. The root of the disease is covered with a layer of white to grayish white mycelium. The white mycelium layer is covered with linear fungus. After the root layer of the damaged root layer becomes brown and rot, the outer cork layer is sheathed outside the xylem. In the disease minister, a black sclerotium with a round shape and a size like rapeseed is produced. When the roots are seriously damaged, the surface of the rhizosphere soil can also be seen as an officinous mycelium layer, sometimes forming black small grain spots, which is the ascospore shell of the pathogen. Plants with severe damage, the growth of the aboveground parts is weak, and finally the whole plant is killed. The susceptible plant may soon die, or it may die slowly within a year. The rapidly dying tree, the leaves are still attached to the tree; the dying trees, tendrils and leaves are weak and thin, usually withered, but the new shoots can be withdrawn from the base. The diseased plant is easily removed from the soil. Usually the diseased plant breaks off at the horizon. The bark below the horizon turns black and falls off easily, and a black gel-like spill appears at the root.
Grape white feather disease transmission path and disease conditions
Several Fusarium oxysporum strains causing grape white feather disease are soil-inhabited bacteria, which can survive for a long time in the soil, and the host has a wide range of hosts, and can form thick-walled spores, which are bad for the soil. The environment and the resistance of the bacteria are strong. Therefore, they can not only lurk in the root tissue, but also survive the winter in decaying rotten roots, and even survive in the soil for many years. Therefore, as the source of the initial infection of the bacteria, it can come from many aspects.
Fusarium is a weak parasitic bacteria. The bacteria must invade from the wound. Therefore, the roots of growth weakness, insect injury, mechanical injury, frostbite and other damage are susceptible to infection, and the disease is more rapid and the disease develops faster. The root disease impaired the growth of the whole plant, and the weakened plants further reduced the resistance of the roots to the pathogens, which promoted each other and accelerated the development of root diseases and plant death.
The pathogen is mainly transmitted through farming activities such as rainwater, irrigation water, and soil cultivation. The occurrence and development speed of grape white feather disease is closely related to the management level of orchard. Soil tillage, drought, lack of fertilizer, soil salinization, soil compaction, poor ventilation, excessive results, orchard weeds, etc., leading to weak root growth, are all induced by grape root rot Key factor.
Incidence conditions: Soils that are moist and organic are good for disease. There are also many diseases on the clay.
Grape white feather disease treatment
1. Strengthen the management method of the orchard
(1) Adding organic fertilizers Every winter, sufficient fully decomposed organic fertilizers should be applied to promote the development of roots and improve the disease resistance of roots.
(2) Strengthen the irrigation and drainage work of the orchard. When the drought is dry, timely water is poured, and the water is drained in time after the rain to prevent the water from accumulating in the orchard and the roots to be flooded.
(3) Do a good job in soil management, carefully carry out soil tillage, deepen the mature soil layer, maintain good soil aeration, create conditions conducive to root growth and not conducive to the growth and development of pathogens; control underground pests, prevent cold protection in winter, and minimize as much as possible The production of root wounds.
2. Treat the diseased plants and find the suspected disease plants should be promptly inspected, and the diseased roots should be cut off in time, and the lesions at the root neck can be scraped off with a knife. The scraped and cut wounds can be protected with 1% copper sulfate solution or Bordeaux mixture; the diseased tissue that is cut and scraped should be burned intensively.
3. Soil disinfection In order to prevent the disease from spreading and spreading, the diseased plants can be rooted with pesticides to kill the bacteria in the soil and restore the plants to health. Commonly used soil disinfectants are: 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution; 50% benzoate 1000 times solution; 50% bacteriostatic 250-300 times solution; 70% quinto nitrobenzene 1: 50-100 Pharmacy; 1% copper sulphate solution; stone sulphur mixture with a density of 1.006kg/L, etc., the amount of the above agent is about 10kg per plant. Using this method, the symptoms of the diseased plants disappeared, and the growth was significantly increased.
4. To eradicate the diseased plants for serious diseases that cannot be treated or are about to die, they should be removed in time. After excavation, the roots of the disease should be cleaned up as much as possible. The soil around the roots should also be moved out of the garden. 150 times of sodium pentachlorophenolate should be applied to the affected points. Disinfect, and then choose a disease-free plant for replanting.
1 Disinfect the soil with chloropicrin and apply 150-202.5 kg of liquid per hectare. The roots and roots in the soil should be removed before treatment. The soil temperature is required to be above 20 °C during treatment, and it is suitable for summer and autumn treatment. After the soil is injected with chloropicrin, the surface is covered with soil. Reported abroad, benomyl has a good control effect. In addition, 70% methyl thiophanate 800-1000 times solution, 70% pentachloronitrobenzene 1:50-100 soil, 50% bacteriostatic 250-300 times solution can be used for soil disinfection. It is effective to infuse the liquid before planting or to treat the diseased tree. Before the disease tree is treated, the roots of the disease should be excavated, the diseased part should be removed, and then the diseased part should be sprayed, and then the soil should be mixed with the liquid. The diseased tree should be detected early and treated early.
2 Remove the dying and dead plants in time to prevent infection.
3 The use of disease-resistant rootstocks is an effective means of prevention and control. It has been reported that the sweet hybrids of Carignane and Solonis in sweet winter grapes and European grapes are resistant.
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