The development of Chinese classical furniture has been around for thousands of years. Once the furniture appears, it is related to people's lives. Why do people make furniture and use furniture? The answer to this question is obvious. It is simply made by people to make their lives more comfortable and beneficial to people's health. The invention, use and maintenance of furniture are closely related. At the earliest time, there were no chairs in China. When people were meeting, they were sitting on the mats, or on a big bed called a couch, and the buttocks were placed on the heels. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a folding bench similar to the current Mazar, called "Hu Bed", was introduced into the Central Plains region from the northern nomadic region, and for the first time changed people's sitting posture. People gradually began to give up this uncomfortable posture. As for when the ancient Chinese chair appeared? This is not a simple problem because it has undergone a complex evolution. However, it can be said with certainty that several inventions based on furniture for the purpose of health maintenance provide the necessary conditions for the formation of chairs. These types of furniture rely mainly on: 1. by a few. It is the earliest appearance of relying on furniture. As early as in "Zhou Li Chunguan", there is a record: "The name of a few palms, five seats, five seats, the name of the throne... The throne of the throne is set up... About the jade... The princes and priests... The right vulture... The national guest is also in front of the hustle and bustle, left a few. Diensius, then set a bear seat, right paint a few. Where funeral, set a feast, right prime." As can be seen from this text, the couples are used in combination. It is also said that Zhou Tianzi's throne is set behind a screen, and the throne is set to the left and right. The following princes use a few other materials besides the jade, and are used either directly or left or right. In "The Talk of the Objects", it is said that "the ancients must have a few seats, so they rely on them. However, they are not set by the sages, so they show good pets. They come to ancient times." In the unearthed cultural relics in Changsha, there was a piece of paint in the Warring States period. It looks very thin, two "one" shaped bases, standing on two columns, the middle of which is the beam and the column is connected. When used, the beam is supported by the beam, and both sides can be applied. This is mainly used for the elderly and the weak. This also shows that the few people at the time were not used in front of them, but were used on the left and right. It acts like a seat ring of a circle chair, and the user holds the arm to achieve a more relaxed upper body. By the time of the Six Dynasties, the functions of the several had changed. We can see the ceramics of the Six Dynasties unearthed in the suburbs of Nanjing. The faces are curved, and there are three legs in front of the face, which form a triangular support point from the plane. This kind of can be relied on by two arms and elbows, and can be leaned back, and can also sit or place objects. It is a multi-functional furniture that is used in front, back, left and right. Until the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the palace was still making and using. In the "Imperial Emperor of the Qing Dynasty", there are images of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong using a few. In the collection of the Palace Museum, there are still curved and long strips made by Qianlong. 2. Hidden sac. The hidden capsule is also a kind of furniture that relies on function. On the relief of the Binyang Cave in the Longmen Grottoes, you can see the situation in which Vimalaki leans against the hidden sac. This hidden sac is oval and has a skeleton like a melon. From the materials used to make such furniture at the time, the use of bamboo and rattan is the most appropriate. It is a piece of furniture that can only be used behind it to give the body a full rest. 3. Back to back. In the eighth of the "Knowledge of the Yuan", there are: "Cao Gong is a truss, a sloppy book. Today's lazy frame is also its system. This is the device from Wei Wudi." In the Southern Song Dynasty Li Wei's "Listening to the Picture", we can see that the owner used the lazy frame under the high-sentence pen, but said that it started from Wei Wudi, but it is not incredible. The lazy frame is one of the backrests. When used, the angle of the back can be adjusted at will to achieve the most comfortable level. Furniture of this function has appeared in both the Ming and Qing dynasties. It's just different in terms of styling and name. Xie Yuzhe said in the "Five Miscellaneous" that this kind of furniture is called Yanghe, and there are points of Tonglu Yanghe and Wulongyang. Xie Yuzhe believes that the name of Yanghe has a close relationship with the Li Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty. He called Li’s method of using the pine gum branch to hide it, and called it the genus of the hidden capsule. Li Bi’s priests Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong four dynasties. In the midst of its fall, the seclusion of the mountains and forests cultivated the heart. This gives insight into Taoist health. Although it is impossible to know the style of Tonglu Yanghe and Wulongyang, it is inextricably linked to the way of health. After entering the Qing Dynasty, Yanghe was still widely used. At this time it has a regular name called the backrest. There is a black lacquered gold back in the collection of the Palace Museum. The whole body is painted with black paint on the ground, such as gold paint flowing clouds, bats, dragons and other ornaments. It consists of a back plate and a base. When used, the back can be adjusted at an angle. When not in use, the back can be laid flat. The base is rectangular and surrounded by a 夔 dragon pattern. What makes it special is that the chassis and the back plate are embedded with purple gold ingot drugs. The purple gold ingot is made of multi-flavored Chinese herbal medicine, which has the effects of relieving heat, reducing inflammation and avoiding mosquito bites. The Manchu people lived in cold areas for a long time, and they were not satisfied with the situation after coming to the mainland. The purple gold ingot is embedded in the backrest, and it can prevent a variety of diseases during rest. This also precisely achieves the purpose of health. 4. Style. It was popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, mainly using furniture made of bamboo and rattan. The shape is semi-circular and the wings of the backrest are forwarded. This is a piece of furniture that is used on a bed or on a stand. Not only can it lean behind, but it can also be placed on the armrests that are forwarded, making it more comfortable to use. In the Song Dynasty, Zhang Duanyi mentioned in the "Gui Erji" that "the chair of the present, the ancient bed of Hu also, only the squat type." He said that on the seat surface of the bed, the round backrest is the squat type. Because the æ ²æ ³ style is furniture made of bamboo and rattan, it is very comfortable to use. However, from a visual point of view, it is not formal enough after all. Therefore, on this basis, people have invented the right-angled square backrest of wooden materials and are included in the court furniture. In the "Han Xi Zai Night Banquet", Han Xizai relies on the Luohan bed, which is a right-angled square back. Thanks to the invention of furniture, people feel the feeling of comfort. But it also has drawbacks. Because of the large size of the furniture, it is not convenient to use, and the small size is not stable enough. Therefore, people think of fixing it to the seat, which becomes a chair. The round backrest is placed on the bed of the sofa to form a chair, which is placed on a separate seat to form a circle chair; and the square backrest is fixed to sit on the seat to form an armchair.
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