Shanghai Microsystems has achieved a major breakthrough in the performance of practical superconducting single photon detectors
The superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) is a new type of single photon detection technology that emerged at the beginning of this century. Its detection efficiency, dark count, and time jitter are significantly better than traditional semiconductor single photon detectors. Wide attention has been paid to academic circles at home and abroad, and it has been widely used in quantum communications, quantum computing, and other fields, and has strongly promoted the development of quantum information technology.
At the optical fiber communication wavelength of 1550 nanometers, Marsili et al. used SNSPD prepared with extremely low temperature superconducting material WSi to achieve a maximum detection efficiency of 93%. However, WSi-SNSPD usually operates at operating temperatures below 1K, and expensive and complicated cryogenic refrigerators (such as dilution refrigerators) must be used, which greatly limits the application of such high-performance single photon detectors.
Many researchers at home and abroad are working hard to develop SNSPD using NbN materials with higher superconducting transition temperatures in order to achieve high detection efficiency at operating temperatures above 2K, and to operate with a compact, user-friendly, closed-cycle chiller, which greatly reduces the cost of use. . After more than 10 years of hard work, the detection efficiency of NbN-SNSPD is only about 80%, which is significantly different from the detection efficiency of WSi-SNSPD. In order to achieve a detection efficiency of more than 90%, it is necessary to optimize several different parameters such as optical coupling efficiency, light absorption efficiency, intrinsic detection efficiency, and the like, and it has not been reported so far.
Yu Lixing, researcher of the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Academy of Sciences), has conducted superconducting single photon detection research for nearly 10 years, and has achieved many international leading achievements in the development and application of detectors. , has received extensive attention at home and abroad. In collaboration with the Pan Jianwei team of the University of Science and Technology of China, he has repeatedly created a world record for experiments in the field of quantum information and maintained the world record of 404 kilometers in optical quantum communications.
The team's latest results reveal that, based on a small closed-loop chiller, the NbN-SNSPD system detection efficiency (1550 nm operating wavelength) can exceed 90% at a working temperature of 2.1K. As the temperature drops to 1.8K, the detection efficiency can be further increased to 92%. This book was reported in the cover article of Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. The famous scholar Shigehito Miki, a researcher of Japan's intelligence and communication research institute SNSPD, reviewed the Quest to ultimate performance in superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. The first author of the paper is Zhang Weijun, an assistant researcher, and Yu Lixing, the author of the communication.
After the paper was published, it received extensive attention. Many foreign scientific media reported or reproduced the results. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program “High-Performance Single Photon Detection Technologyâ€, the China Academy of Sciences Class B Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Special Project “Basic Research on the Application of Superconducting Sub Devices,†the National Natural Science Foundation, and the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission.
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