Iron deficiency in piglets refers to a type of disease caused by insufficient intake of iron in suckling piglets within 5-28 days. In the cold winter and early spring season, pigs are swarmed in a certain area, with high morbidity and mortality.
1 pathogenesis
1.1 piglets have low iron storage
The iron content of non-fat tissue in newborn piglets was 29 mg/kg, which was lower than that of other animals (55-135 mg/kg). The adult pigs were about 90 mg/kg, which was higher than other animals (60-74 mg/kg). Therefore, piglets need to add more iron.
1.2 sow milk contains low iron content
When a piglet is born, the total iron storage in the body is about 50 mg, and the piglets need about 7 mg of iron per day. Before starting to eat, a total of about 200 mg of iron is needed. Because the iron content in breast milk is low (about 0.2 mg per 100 g of milk), the iron content obtained by the piglets from breast milk is only about 1 mg per day. Therefore, it is far from satisfying the pig's need for iron.
1.3 piglets need more iron for rapid growth
Compared with other livestock, newborn piglets are smaller than other livestock, accounting for only about 1% of adult body weight (3.6% for sheep, 6% for cattle, 9%-10% for horses), but they grow very fast after birth. At 6 weeks of age, the body weight can reach 7-8 times the birth weight. Rapid growth of piglets requires more nutrients (including iron). Therefore, piglets are more prone to iron deficiency than other livestock.
1.4 The amount of iron in the feed ingredients decreased
According to the data, as soil fertility decreases year by year, the iron content in the soil is reduced, which directly affects the lack of iron in feed ingredients such as crop straw, seeds or other plant materials.
2 clinical symptoms
Iron-deficient pigs are often depressed, unwilling to move around, lying away from the group, loss of appetite, malnutrition, debilitating constitution, hairy opposition, lack of luster, slow growth, thin feces. Visible mucous membrane, light yellow stain or pale. Respiratory increase, rapid pulse, can hear anemic intracardiac murmur; slight exercise is strong, and wheezing. Edema can occur in the head and forequarters, and the hand touches the skin cold. Some pigs are obese and grow faster, but sudden sudden death can occur during running. Some piglets have thin appearance, constipation diarrhea alternates, heterosexuality, and exhaustion; the abdominal wall is curled, and its body is olive-shaped.
3 necropsy lesions
The liver is swollen and slightly grayish. The blood is thin and watery, and the coagulation is poor; the muscle color is light, especially the gluteal muscle and the myocardium show typical anemia changes. The spleen is swollen, the capsule is thickened, the color is light, and the texture is slightly firm. The renal parenchyma is grayish white, the membrane is easily peeled off, and the cut surface cortex and medulla are clearly defined. Abdominal cavity, chest cavity, pericardial effusion, heart dilatation, epicardial small bleeding. Pulmonary edema, obvious interstitial, exudate overflow on the cut surface. Mesenteric lymph node edema, congestion; stomach and intestinal emptiness.
4 hematology examination
The sick pig has thin blood, reduced viscosity, pale color, and slow blood coagulation; red blood cells are reduced to 3×1012/L or less, and hemoglobin is lower than 50 mg/mL. The red blood cells are lightly colored, the central light-stained area is enlarged, the red blood cell size is uneven, and the small number is mostly small, and a certain number of pear-shaped, half-moon-shaped, sickle-shaped and other shaped red blood cells appear, and the average diameter is less than 5 mm (normally 6 mm); The degree of increase.
5 prevention and control measures
5.1 preventive measures
Piglets need to be replenished in time from 2-3 days after birth. The easiest way is to spread clean clods (preferably deep sand or red loam containing iron oxide) in the corner of the pen, and let the pigs feed freely. Or use ferrous sulfate 2.5g, copper sulfate 1g, dissolved water 1000mL, filtered for piglets to drink. Or on the 3rd day after the birth of the piglet, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of dextran iron-cobalt mixture 1-2mL (depending on the concentration, due to 50-150mg per mL of iron), and then injected 2mL after 7d.
5.2 treatment
The principle is: supplement the exogenous iron, filling the iron reserves in the entity. The compound inorganic salt preparation can be added to the sow compound feed: ferrous sulfate 20g, copper sulfate 2g, magnesium sulfate 1g, cobalt oxide 1g, distilled water to 4000mL, to make a solution, orally, dosage 150mL, 2 times / d, Used for 12d. Or give the piglets intramuscular injection of dextran iron injection, 2mL each time.
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