Investigation and Analysis of a Rural Department Store Fire

Abstract : Through an on-site investigation of fire accidents in a rural department store, an investigation visit, and an explanation of the process of identifying fire causes, a hazard source theory was used to analyze in detail the causes of the three types of hazards, and the causes of the disasters were combined with the cause of the disaster. fire investigation and fire prevention and control practices propose appropriate measures to provide r theoretical reference and technical and scientific guidance in-depth investigation to prevent similar fires in rural areas.

Key words: fire investigation; rural "triple play" shop; fire hazard source; fire prevention and control

l The basic situation of the fire unit

At 13:14 on January 19, 2013, Ning Wai Zhenmou department store children playing with fire because fire. Burned area of about 86 m2, burned a lot of bedding, kitchen appliances and tobacco category of goods, the direct economic loss of 3. 60,000 yuan. No casualties.

The department store is located in the town two Ning Wai Kiu 5 group number 539, 1st floor, brick structure prefabricated roof, floor area 86 m2, farmers from the building, street sales (with bedroom, kitchen and small warehouses) . There are actually three stores, except that the kitchen and bedroom are separated by a brick-walled wall, and the others are open-ended; the door is facing south, the volume gate is set, the east-side volume gate is equipped with a glass sliding door, and the shelf is blocked. The Western Wall has one Windows, layout as shown in Figure l .

2 site inspection

After the fire broke out, the district fire brigade dispatched investigators to investigate the scene of the fire that night. The author had the privilege of entering the scene with the investigators to assist in the investigation.

2 . l Identification of fire area

The location of the fire was in the middle of the middle two rooms of the eastern side. After investigation, the main trace features were as follows. 1 |; see from the wall, between the east wall of the north east smoky traces of heavy light south, the north wall of the west, east light weight, non-flaking plaster layer; the middle of the north wall of smoke visible and flaking plaster, only the Western Wall smoked No traces of spalling were found; the middle layer of the cement layer of the bunk bed was flaked and smoked, the southeast face was smoky, and the middle position was lower; the western plaster layer was not peeled off, and the smoked south was light. Looking at the items placed, the east asked the east and north cargoes to pour southwest, and the metal shelves bent southwest; the bunk beds had traces of downward collapse, and the metal brackets were distorted and bent severely; the cargoes in the middle west and north were dumped to the southeast.

2 . 2 The identification of the fire point

The fire pit is located under the double bunk. After investigation, the trace features are as follows : H1 : For the detailed survey of the bi-level bed, it was found that the beam on the bed peeled off and the east and the west were light, with light weight on both sides; the goods around the bunk bed were dumped on the bed side; the bunk beds were on the west and north sides. Looking woodwork a bunk bed, but | i heavy carbide; south side of a bunk bed mats Looking heavier carbide; lower bunk bed frame i Zhi residue was distilled north, structural damage, severe deformation, high south , The structure is not destroyed by the slope, and the shape is basically kept intact: the second layer of the bi-layer metal beam is bent downwards due to thermal deformation, and is light and heavy in the east; the steel tube at the foot of the bed is discolored under high temperature and light and light in weight. Comprehensive evidence of various traces of evidence and inquiry transcripts prove that the fire was located under the double bunk.

3 Fire Cause Analysis

3 . 1 Exclude the possibility of fire caused by electrical, arson and residual fire

Before the fire broke out, the lighting equipment in the shop was working properly. The investigation did not find any electrical equipment and wires passing through the vicinity of the fire point. No melting marks were found and the possibility of fire caused by electrical was excluded. The shop owner indicated that there were no other people in the store except the two children. No traces of liquid combustion such as gasoline and diesel were found during the survey. In addition, the neighbors reflected that the shop owner had a longer business opening time. There was no contradiction between being easy-going and the people around him. The possibility of fire caused by arson and remnants of fire. At this time, the neighbor’s sentence caught the attention of the investigators, which revealed that the two children were playing under the bunk bed at the time, but did not know what to play, and they fired shortly after they came out. At this point, the investigation breach focused on two children.

3 . 2 questions about children

Asking children to be good at grasping the characteristics of their psychological activities, and extending their thinking will easily find a breakthrough. In this case, the two children were the owner's son (6 years old ) and the neighbor's daughter (8 years old ) . They asked each of them separately and shook their responsibilities. Later, the relevant experts were consulted and the two children were asked together. Surprisingly, they finally admitted that they had used a lighter to put the mop under the bed and they were afraid to escape after the fire.

3 . 3 Conclusions

The above evidence obtained from on-site surveys and inquiries has formed an evidence chain to identify the fire. The cause of the fire was that the shop owner’s son and his neighbor’s daughter were playing with fire under the double bunk bed to ignite the mop under the bed, causing a fire.

4 Cause Analysis of Disasters

The analysis of the causes of disasters is an important part of the investigation of fire accident investigations. It is also an important basis for pursuing the responsibility of relevant responsible persons according to law and summing up the lessons of fire accidents. It also provides scientific reference for the in-depth investigation and prevention of fire accidents. In order to improve the systematic and scientific analysis of the causes of disasters, the author analyzes the causes of the disasters based on the theory of hazards. The first type of hazards H1 refers to the excess energy that acts on the human body or the risk of interference with human body and external energy exchange. Substances, including flammable solids, combustible gases, fire smoke, and toxic and hazardous gas components from combustion. The type I hazards of this fire accident mainly include large quantities of stored flammable commodities, lighters, and liquefied petroleum gas cylinders. According to on-site inspections and inquiries, the store contains a large amount of bedding and wood furniture. As shown in Figure 1 , the fire load density is high. Once the fire spreads quickly, it is known that the store operates cigarette products and the lighter is placed on cigarettes. Counters, counters.

4 . 1 Type I hazard analysis

1 m high , in a place accessible to children, did not take any protective measures; in addition the investigators learned that the store has a total of three gas tanks with gas, one in the kitchen, the other two close to the bunk bed North side. GA 703 - 2007 "Technical Requirements for Fire Safety of Accommodation Sites for Accommodation and Production Storage Operations" 8 . 1 provision : "o : In addition to the kitchen, the use of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders and Class A, B, and C flammable liquids should not be used or stored. The author believes that there are a large number of flammable materials such as quilts and bed covers in the store. The placement of two liquefied petroleum gas cylinders with gas at the bedside is totally inconsistent with the requirements of the code, and there are also major problems with the place of the lighter.

4 . 2 Type II hazard analysis

The second hazard source refers to various insecure factors that cause damage or failure of restraint or failure of energy or dangerous substances, including failures of ( safety facilities, etc. ) , physical environmental factors, and individual human behavioral errors, such as individual violations. , Fire safety facilities, equipment and other constraints and other failures. The type II hazards of the fire accident mainly include children playing with fire, fire lanes being occupied, fire extinguishers failing, and initial fires failing to be saved. There are no non-combustible partitions in the accommodations and there are no independent smoke detection alarms installed in the store. Children’s unsafe factors of playing with fire as a person are the direct cause of the fire accident. The unsafe condition of the child (the mop under the bed is flammable and there is a large amount of flammable combustibles in the store ) intersect in this specific space-time condition. Causes fire. It is understood that as a commercial street in this area, the flow of people is large, and both sides of the road are occupied by various vehicles. When a fire occurs, the passage of fire engines is seriously hindered, and the nearby residents are busy with the rescue of materials in the early stage of the fire and they have not organized the fire extinguishing in time. The initial fire failed to save. The fire extinguisher in the store is in disrepair for a long time and can not play an effective role in extinguishing the fire. The interior partition walls of the accommodation use plywood instead of non-combustion bodies, and there are no independent smoke detectors in the store. These eventually lead to the rapid fire. Spread and expand.

4 . 3 Type III hazard analysis

The third category of hazards refers to unsafe factors that cause fire safety system imbalances due to fire safety decisions and organizational errors ( organizational procedures, organizational culture, rules ) . Including the administrative command of the factors obtained, such as the establishment of fire-fighting units related rules and regulations, firefighting facilities maintenance management, related personnel skills and experience and training, etc., but also include the administrative command of the regional safety culture, atmosphere, safety responsibility , security ethics and other "soft constraints" factors. The type III hazards of the fire accident mainly include management loopholes in the rural fire safety in towns and villages, the fire safety management system of the shop, the maintenance and management system of the fire protection facilities, the awareness of the surrounding people and the corresponding skills and experience. First of all, due to social environment, administrative management and other reasons, the strength of rural fire supervision and management is currently weak, resulting in many hidden safety problems. Secondly, the operators did not have corresponding fire safety awareness and they have not formulated a fire safety management system and improperly maintained or properly managed fire protection facilities. At last. The security awareness of the people in the region is weak, and it is manifested in the absence of a basic ability to handle initial fires. Fires occur during the day and are detected earlier. They can be extinguished at an early stage. At the same time, they are also manifested in neglect of management education for children. It is understood that The two children were not the first to play with the fire in the shop. They had also been found many times before, but they did not conduct appropriate education and guidance.

5 Fire prevention and control measures

The fire caused by the children playing with fire, but from the occurrence, development to the final spread to the disaster, there are many problems, the suburbs of rural areas in recent years, the rapid economic development of the region, due to its unique geographical location and social factors, resulting in It has become a weakness in the current fire protection work. According to the analysis of the causes of disasters, the author believes that the problem of Class I hazards for large quantities of flammable commodities, LPG tanks, etc., can be routinely monitored and inspected; problems related to Class II hazards such as fire lane occupancy and failure of fire extinguishers can be addressed. The technical instructors shall start with; and the types of hazards such as fire safety management systems and weak fire safety awareness among residents may be handled from the aspects of administration, publicity and education.

5 . 1 Strengthen regular supervision and inspection. Timely elimination of fire hazards

In view of the current shortage of rural fire inspection and inspection power, it is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of township and village streets, police stations, village committees, and women's federations and other grass-roots organizations to use their advantages of being familiar with the environment and understanding the situation, and to cooperate with fire-fighting agencies to manage similar sites in jurisdictions. Intensify daily fire safety investigations, carry out regular and irregular multi-directional investigations, identify problems in a timely manner, and pay special attention to strict and legal affairs, and cannot talk about humans, go through the courts, ensure that investigations are conducted, and eliminate hidden dangers at the root.

5 . 2 Strengthen technical guidance

Strict system implementation, whether it is from the perspective of economic interests or safety, for inspections

5 . 3 Improve the administrative management mechanism and strengthen firefighting education and education

First, we must strengthen government functions and establish a rural fire supervision and management system. While clarifying the responsibilities among the municipal, township, and village levels, it is necessary to strengthen the ability of inter-departmental coordination and cooperation. For such places in rural areas, the industrial and commercial departments shall, in the course of registration and annual inspection of licenses, carry out targeted examination and registration in accordance with the security conditions of the sites, reduce the number of similar unlicensed stores at the source; and the labor departments shall grasp the personnel management of the gathering places of foreign workers. Safety training and inspection work; the public security department must combine the deployment of the police force to work, and give full play to the role of the police and other grass-roots management agencies. Second, we must raise people's awareness of self-help and self-monitoring capabilities. By organizing safety training classes and establishing rural fire service stations, etc., rural residents and migrant workers are organized to learn about relevant fire safety knowledge and laws and regulations; through various methods such as listing fire cases, watching firefighting videos, and conducting evacuation drills, etc. It truly recognizes the close relationship between fire safety and its own life and property, and improves its self-protection awareness and initial fire disposal capabilities. At the same time, a report telephone and mail box will be set up, and rural fire safety supervisors will be designated as appropriate to give full play to the supervision role of the people. Third, we must strengthen publicity and guidance to create a safe and cultural atmosphere. Through television, radio, newspapers and brochures, and other media to carry out firefighting propaganda in rural villages and townships, set up firefighting knowledge bulletin boards in areas with large people flow, regularly announce unit inspection results and rectification, and finally make the firefighting work change from passive to active, and then turn To consciously form a good atmosphere of safety culture.

6 Conclusion

This article through the investigation and analysis of a rural "three in one" shop fire accident, combined with the actual work, from the investigation process and conclusions were discussed and summarized. The author believes that although the fire is an ordinary fire, but in terms of its geographical location and site properties Because of its speciality and representativeness, it is necessary to analyze the cause of disasters. At the final conclusion of the investigation and the cause of the disaster, some suggestions for rural fire protection work are provided, hoping to help the new rural firefighting work.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.