Recently, a scientific research achievement of Hefei University of Technology has successfully produced multi-dimensional, multi-scale, multi-modal three-dimensional functional catalytic materials using straw-like biomass waste as raw materials, which can effectively remove organic and heavy metal toxic pollutants in water bodies. Straw biomass waste is difficult to use. This synthesis method has the technical advantages of simple process, high yield, controllable structure, and easy mass production, and has broad industrial application prospects. Relevant research results were published in the journal "Applied Catalysis-Environment", an important journal in the environmental field.
Straw biomass waste has many characteristics such as large amounts of impurities, wide sources, large reserves, and intractable handling. If it is handled improperly, it will endanger the environment and human health and cause epidemics. According to statistics, China produces about 1 billion tons of straw-like biomass waste each year, and traditional biomass waste disposal methods such as biomass liquefaction, biodiesel, compost landfill, and direct incineration cannot achieve efficient and green use.
In order to solve this key technical problem and realize the resource utilization of straw biomass waste, the Associate Professor Yao Yunjin of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, has for the first time developed a process for the preparation of three-dimensional material of the carbon composite functional phase with raw materials. After chemical activation, material wastes are mixed with metal divalent salts and nitrogen-containing compounds, and 3D functional catalytic materials are prepared through high-temperature pyrolysis to achieve the reuse of biomass waste resources. The total area per gram of this new material is up to 1,500 square meters, which shows a significant removal performance for the persistent organic and inorganic toxic pollutants that are widely present at present, and the removal efficiency is 50 to 100 times that of conventional nanocomposites. .
According to reports, the preparation process of the new 3D composite material activates the biomass waste into a three-dimensional multi-level pore-function carbon support, and utilizes its own porous structure, high specific surface area and surface interface characteristics to introduce metal nano-functional phases in situ. The reduction of metal ions, the carbon coating of metal nanoparticles and the doping modification of nitrogen non-metal elements are realized in a single device, which overcomes the complex preparation process of traditional pyrolysis methods, the high risk of reduction treatment, and the effect of non-metallic element modification. Poor and other defects.
At the same time, the core-shell structure formed by the carbon-coated metal nanoparticles in the material is conducive to electron transport, and the doping of nitrogen element increases the activity and dispersibility of the surface of the carbon layer. The rich pore structure and high specific surface area improve the contact and active sites. The number of points, covering the nanostructures to protect the metal nanoparticles from being poisoned greatly improves the anti-poisoning ability, stability and reusability of the nano-particles in practical applications, and the biomass raw material resources are rich, the preparation cost is low, and the specific surface area is large. With multi-hole structure, it has a broad prospect of industrial application.
The new preparation process realizes the reuse of biomass waste and efficient removal of pollutants, and has the characteristics of simple process, low cost, and easy mass production, and is suitable for industrial production. At the same time, the new preparation process provides theoretical support and scientific guidance for the development, construction and application of biomass-based 3D advanced functional catalytic materials.
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