Cucumber disease prevention
Cucumber diseases mainly include cucumber downy mildew, cucumber powdery mildew, cucumber anthracnose, and cucumber gray mold. The main reason for the disease is that the weather is warming up, the temperature is gradually rising, and improper management makes it appear in a high temperature and high humidity environment. The disease prevention and control technology of cucumber is introduced as follows:
1. Downy mildew
[Hazard characteristics] Downy mildew is more serious when the terrain is low and the ventilation is too poor. The damage is mainly caused by the leaves, and occasionally the stems and pedicels are also damaged. At the beginning of the disease, there are water-stained polygonal lesions, and the lesions are not perforated. When the humidity is high, the surface lesions may grow black mold layer. In severe cases, the number of lesions is large, the expansion is fast, and the lesions heal each other, causing the leaves to die early. .
[Control method] Ecological control: keep indoor ventilation well, control the indoor temperature, keep at 25 degrees during the day, and control at 15 degrees at night. Chemical control: When the disease occurs, 50% of the bacteria is sprayed with water 2000 times, and the disease is repeated once every 3-5 days.
2, powdery mildew
[Hazard characteristics] Powdery mildew damages all parts of the plant, but it is mainly affected by leaves and vines. On the two sides of the initial leaves, white near-round small pink spots appeared, and then expanded into large white powder areas with inconspicuous edges. In severe cases, the whole leaves are covered with white powder. At the end of the disease, the white mold spots become gray due to the hyphae, and the diseased leaves are yellow and have small black spots.
[Control methods] Field management: Try to use disease-resistant varieties, pay attention to light transmission, reasonable irrigation, reduce air humidity, and apply organic fertilizer. Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, spray with Tiannuo Granules and sterilizing water 1000 times, spray once every 5~7 days, repeat 2~3 times.
3, gray mold
[Hazard characteristics] Gray mold not only harms cucumber, but also damages green pepper, eggplant, kidney bean, etc. Gray mold mainly harms the leaves, fruits and flowers of cucumber, and the gray mold pathogen invades from the lost female flower. A gray-brown mold layer is formed, which in turn invades the young melon, causing the top to rot, softening and atrophy, and the affected part of the large melon first yellows until it rots and falls off.
[Control methods] Field management: high wow cultivation, reducing field humidity, reasonable irrigation, watering in the evening, proper ventilation and drainage, and promote its robust growth. Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, spray with 50% keering WP 1500~2000 or 50% moldy WP 800~1000 times.
4, anthracnose
[Hazard characteristics] Anthracnose mainly harms stems and leaves. At the beginning, there were small spots of water immersion, and the leaf lesions were nearly round, reddish brown, with a halo outside, and the middle part of the lesion ruptured when dry. The fruit is damaged by dark brown spots and is easily deformed.
[Control method] Soil treatment: Rotation with non-melon crops for more than 3 years. Soil disinfection, selection of resistant varieties, rotation for dumping, removal of sick plants, and application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Chemical control: spraying 1:2:100 Bordeaux mixture, or 65% mancozeb 500-800 times solution, 80% anthrax Fame WP 800 times solution, 70% mancozeb WP 400 times solution or 45% chlorothalonil aerosol is fumigated at 250 grams per acre. It is used once every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 4 times.
Cucumber pest control
Cucumber pests mainly include leaf miner, whitefly, melon and so on. In the process of prevention and control, field management should be strengthened. The control technology of cucumber pests is as follows:
1. Leaf miner
[Hazard characteristics] After hatching, the larvae sneaked into the mesophyll, which showed a tortuous ridge. The seedlings were damaged by 2 to 7 leaves, and the serious sag marks were dense, causing the leaves to yellow, scorch or fall off. The terminal of the insect tract is not significantly widened, and it is a feature distinguishing the worm from the larvae, Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza huidobrensis.
[Biological control] Released the wasp, the cockroach, the larvae, etc. These three parasitic wasps have a high parasitism rate on the larvae. Application of insect growth regulators can affect adult reproduction, egg hatching, larval peeling, and phlegm.
[Pharmaceutical control]
15% Ruijinte suspending agent, 50 ~ 100 ml / mu, 40% Qixingbao EC 600 ~ 800 times liquid, control time in the peak period, 5 to 7 days, continuous prevention 2 to 3 times.
2 insect growth regulator 5% inhibition Tai 2000 times liquid, 5% card death emulsifiable milk 2000 times liquid, infertile effect on the adult of the larvae, the hatching rate of the eggs produced by the adult after treatment is low.
3 Use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution, spray at the peak period, 5 to 7 days, for 2 to 3 times, and stop using the drug 7 days before harvesting.
2, whitefly
[Hazard characteristics] Secretion of a large amount of honey, seriously polluting leaves and fruits. Leaf symptoms: adult and larvae gather together to harm, and secrete a lot of honey, seriously pollute leaves and fruits, and cause coal pollution.
ã€Biological control】
1 Cultivate “bug-free seedlingsâ€: remove the residual insects from the fumigation greenhouse before breeding, remove the weeds from the weeds, and add a layer of nylon yarn to the greenhouse vent to avoid foreign insect sources.
2 Try to avoid mixing: especially cucumbers, tomatoes, and kidney beans cannot be mixed. It is also an effective method to adjust the production of gargle, that is, the head lice arrange white cabbage, such as celery and sweet pepper, as light vegetables, and then plant cucumbers and tomatoes.
3 Remove old leaves and burn them: Older nymphs are mostly distributed in the lower leaves, and some old leaves are properly removed when the solanaceous fruit is pruned, buried or burned to reduce the population.
4 Lishen wasp: Lishen was able to successfully control the whitefly of the greenhouse. When the adult whitefly was at 0.5 head/strain, the larvae were released 15 times/head strain three times every two weeks.
5 yellow has a strong trapping effect on adult whitefly: set yellow plate in greenhouse (1mX0.7m fiberboard or cardboard, painted orange peel yellow, and then coated with a layer of sticky oil with 32~34 pieces per acre to trap adult effect Significantly. The yellow plate is placed between the rows and the height of the plant is the same. The viscous oil is generally adjusted with No. 10 oil and a little butter, and reapplied once every 7 to 10 days. Take care to prevent the oil droplets from causing burns on the crop.
[Pharmaceutical control]
1 Use a knapsack mobile smoker or a 3MF-3 backpack plant protection multi-purpose machine to atomize 1% deltamethrin or 2.5% pyrethroid oil to 0.5 to 5 μm droplets suspended in air. Kill adult insects.
2 When the average adult per worm is 2.7 and 6.6, use 25% buprofezin WP 100ppm and 200ppm spray 1~2 times, when the adult is 19.5 head, use chlorpyrifos 100ppm and bifen Ester (Uranus) 5ppm mixed spray 2 times.
32.5% deltamethrin or 20% fenvalerate (quick-killing) emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times liquid spray every 6 to 7 days, continuous control 3 times.
4 methyl gram killing cockroach (killing cockroach) WP 1500 times solution, bifenthrin 0.8 ~ 2g / acre, 1 day after the treatment of adults against 99.%.
3, melon
[Hazard characteristics] The leaves are curled, the melon seeds are wilting, and even die. The old leaves are damaged, and they fall off in advance, shortening the period of melons and causing a reduction in production.
ã€Biological control】
1 cultivate no insects and strong seedlings. Strictly use the insect-proof net from the nursery period to cultivate the insect-free seedlings.
2 lure with a yellow plate. Using the aphid's tendency to yellow, the yellow plate is used to induce cockroaches.
3 protect natural enemies. Such as small black spider, star leopard spider, flower spider, seven-star ladybug, propylaea, black mane, Chinese grasshopper, scorpion fly, Huaji hunting scorpion, tiny cockroach, cockroach bee, lycopene 蛉, big grasshoppers, cockroaches, cockroaches, etc.
[Pharmaceutical control]
1 When aphid is found to be harmful, use 0.65% of artemisinin 100 ml, add water 30-40 kg and spray, or guanomycin 200 times solution, add 0.01% washing powder, or 2.5% vine vine cream 600-800 times solution. Or spray with tobacco water (smoke than water = 1:30-1:40).
220% speed oil slick oil 1000 times liquid, or 40% chrysanthemum emulsifiable oil 2000 times liquid. Or 21% synergistic cyanogen (killing cockroach) emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times solution, or 2.5% cyhalothrin (Kungfu) emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution, or 2.5% bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution, or 10% imidacloprid The wettable powder 2000 times liquid is sprayed once every 10 to 15 days.
In order to strictly control the above various pests, a qualified insect-proof net should be set up, and timely prevention and control should be found, and the insects should be eliminated in the stage of spotting. The preferred method is physical and biological control, and the necessary chemical control can be selected at a high occurrence.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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