Fusion welding is divided into flame welding, arc welding, electron beam welding, laser welding and friction welding. Arc welding also includes electrode arc welding, gas shielded welding and submerged arc welding. We refer to the welding shielding gas as the shielding gas for gas shielded welding, including tungsten argon arc welding (TIG welding), MIG/MAG welding and plasma welding. This article mainly introduces the new generation of ternary welding shielding gas and its successful application case.
1. Classification and characteristics of gases
The shielding gas is divided into a reactive gas and an inert gas. The active gases are:
CO
2 , O
2 , N
2 , H
2 ; inert gases are: Ar, He.
Commonly used welding shielding gases and mixtures are: argon (TIG and MIG), CO
2 (MAG or CO
2 welding), argon + CO
2 (MAG), helium (TIG and MIG), argon + O
2 (MAG), argon + CO
2 + O
2 (MAG), argon + helium (TIG and MIG), argon + helium + CO
2 (MAG), argon + H
2 (TIG), argon + CO
2 + H
2 (MAG).
For the commonly used MIG/MAG welding (formerly known as CO2 welding) was introduced from abroad in the early 1950s and 1960s. In the 1980s, developed countries in Europe and America began to use argon + CO
2 binary gas.
In the 21st century, developed countries in Europe and the United States, including Air Products, have begun to use ternary gases such as argon + CO
2 + O
2 (MAG welded steel) and argon + CO
2 + H
2 (MAG stainless steel). mixed gas.
It is known that the argon + CO
2 binary mixture has a faster welding speed, less spatter, better weld formation and higher strength than CO
2 .
The characteristics of CO
2 welding are as follows:
(1) General purpose welding for carbon steel.
(2) CO
2 is decomposed into carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O
2 ) in an electric arc.
(3) A protective gas having a high degree of oxidation.
(4) Avoiding the generation of voids by the reducing agent in the wire.
(5) Higher than argon temperature - larger penetration depth, bulbous profile.
(6) Limited to the immersion (short circuit) mode.
(7) Poor arc stability results in the formation of large droplets.
(8) More spatters.
Argon gas can be used as TIG welding for all materials, especially for MIG welding of aluminum alloys, copper and alloys, and other materials that are sensitive to oxygen.
2. Features of a new generation of welding shielding gas
Now we will focus on the characteristics of ternary gas such as argon + CO
2 + O
2 (MAG welded steel) and argon + CO
2 + H
2 (MAG stainless steel) developed by Air Products.
The characteristics of the argon/CO
2 /O
2 mixture (MAG) are as follows:
(1) Combines the benefits of CO
2 and O
2 .
(2) Improve arc stability.
(3) Optimize the metal transition characteristics.
(4) Produce the least amount of spatter.
(4) Improve the cross-sectional shape of the weld.
(5) Stable welding characteristics - short circuit transition and jet transition.
(6) Easy to use - more suitable for changes in parameter settings.
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